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Ringworm in cats Ringworm is not a worm at all — it is actually a very common fungal skin infection among cats that affects the hair, skin and nails (some dogs can be affected and it can also be spread to humans). Those with a lowered immune response are especially vulnerable to the risk of ringworm contagion. Though ringworm in cats often clears up on its own with time, the risk of contagion means that you should be aware of its symptoms, transmission and treatment. There are three species of fungi that cause disease in dogs and cats: Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum canis. Microsporum canis is the most commonly seen and can produce lesions on humans. The fungus that causes ringworm is usually found on the infected animal or in its living quarters. Fungal spores can also be found outdoors, in the dirt. When an animal comes in direct contact with the spores they can develop ringworm lesions. An infected animal can shed spores that can live in the environment for up to two years. Ringworm fungus thrives in warm, humid environments. Spores can live on bedding, furniture and anything else that has come into contact with the infected animal. Cats can become chronic carriers, harboring and shedding the fungus without showing signs of infection. Cats with suppressed immune systems are most vulnerable to developing symptoms of infection. Older cats, free-roaming cats, stressed and malnourished cats are at an increased risk to develop an infection. Persian cats also seem more susceptible to infection. Signs or symptoms of ringworm include a rapidly growing circular patch of dry skin— some areas will be red, crusty, and raised. The hair in the lesions will appear to have been broken and lesions usually appear on the face, ears, and head. Small pustules may also appear on the skin. Lesions may or may not be itchy. In severe cases the lesions will spread to the rest of the body. Young cats are most susceptible as are cats with a poor immune system. Ringworm lesions may begin small and grow in size. Your veterinarian might diagnose ringworm in a couple of different ways. * Wood's lamp: A Wood's lamp is a special black light which when shined over lesion-infected hair shafts are revealed by fluorescing. This method will not detect all fungal infections — in fact only about 50 percent of the M. canis organisms will fluoresce. * Examine hairs under the microscope: The veterinarian can collect some of the hairs and scales and look under the microscope for fungal elements. * Culture: A culture is the most accurate method for diagnosing fungal infections. In healthy cats and kittens with small lesions, ringworm can be treated with an anti-fungal cream. In more severe cases, a combination of oral and topical medications can be used. Treatment will vary depending on the severity of the case. In some cases the entire coat may need to be clipped in order to remove contaminated hairs. Always consult with your veterinarian should you observe any changes in your pets' hair coat so that the most appropriate treatment is instituted. To have your pet questions answered, send an e-mail to purrfectpets1@gmail.com or call Dr. Bridgette Johnson at 364 - 8101. Monday, January 11, 2010